Bài tập môn Tiếng anh Lớp 8 - Bài 7: Pollution

UNIT 7. PULLUTION
A. VOCABULARY
1. affect (v) 	/əˈfekt/: 	làm ảnh hưởng
2. algea (n) 	/ˈældʒiː/:	 tảo
3. aquatic (adj) 	/əˈkwætɪk/: 	dưới nước
4. billboard (n) 	/ˈbɪlbɔːd/: 	biển quảng cáo ngoài trời
5. blood pressure (n) /blʌd ˈpreʃə/:	 huyết áp
6. cause (n,v) 	/kɔːz/: 	nguyên nhân, gây ra
7. cholera (n) 	/ˈkɒlərə/: 	bệnh tả
8. come up with (v) /kʌm ʌp wɪð/:	 nghĩ ra
9. contaminate (v) 	/kənˈtæmɪneɪt/: 	làm bẩn
10. contaminant (n) /kənˈtæmɪnənt/: 	chất gây bẩn
11. dump (v) 	/dʌmp/: 	vứt, bỏ
12. earplug (n)	 /ˈɪəplʌɡ/: 	cái nút tai
13. effect (n) 	/ɪˈfekt/: 	kết quả
14. fine (v)	 /faɪn/: 	phạt tiền
15. float (v) 	/f əʊt/: 	nổi
16. groundwater (n)	 /ˈɡraʊndwɔːtə/:	 nước ngầm
17. hearing loss (n)	 /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/: 	mất thính lực
18. illustrate (v) 	/ˈɪləstreɪt/: 	minh họa
19. litter (n, v) 	/ˈlɪtə/: 	rác vụn (mẩu giấy, vỏ lon ), vứt rác
20. measure (v) 	/ˈmeʒə/: 	đo
21. non-point source pollution (n) 	/nɒn-pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/: ô nhiễm không nguồn (nguồn phân tán)
22. permanent (adj) 	/ˈpɜːmənənt/: 	vĩnh viễn
23. point source pollution (n) 	/pɔɪnt sɔːs pəˈluːʃn/:	 ô nhiễm có nguồn
24. poison (n, v) 	/ˈpɔɪzn/: 	chất độc, làm nhiễm độc
25. pollutant (n) 	/pəˈluːtənt/: 	chất gây ô nhiễm
26. radioactive (adj) /ˌreɪdiəʊˈæktɪv/: 	thuộc về phóng xạ
27. radiation (n) 	/ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃn/: 	phóng xạ
28. thermal (adj) 	/ˈθɜːml/: 	thuộc về nhiệt
29. untreated (adj)	 /ˌʌnˈtriːtɪd/: 	không được xử lý
30. visual (adj) 	/ˈvɪʒuəl/: 	thuộc về thị giác
B. GRAMMAR
1. ĐỊNH NGHĨA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN.
Định nghĩa
Ví dụ
Câu điều kiện gồm có hai phần: mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện (if-clause) và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả (result clause)
If the weather is fine, I will go campingwith my friends tomorrow.
(Nếu thời tiết đẹp thì ngày mai tôi đi sẽ đi cắm trại với bạn của tôi.)
-> “If the weather is fine” là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện: “I will go camping with my friends tomorrow” là mệnh đề chỉ kết quả (mệnh đề chính)
Mệnh đề IF và mệnh đề chính có thể đứng trước hay sau đều được.
I will go camping with my friends tomorrow if the weather is fine.
II. ÔN TẬP CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 1 (CONDITIONAL SENENCES TYPE 1)
Chức năng
Dùng để diễn tả điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Cấu trúc
If + S+ V (s/es) + (bổ ngữ) S will +Vnguyên mẫu + (bổ ngữ)
(thì hiện tại đơn) (thì tương mai đơn)
-> Mệnh đề IF dùng thì hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng thì tương lai.
Ví dụ
If I have enough money, I will buy a new computer. (Nếu tôi có đủ tiền thì tôi sẽ mua một chiếc máy tính mới.)
- If you work hard, you will make a lot of money. (Nếu bạn làm việc chăm chỉ thì bạn sẽ kiếm được nhiều tiền.)
Lưu ý
Unless= If not
If= Unless + not
Ví dụ:
- If he doesn’t do his homework, his mother will complain.
-> Unless he does homework, his mother will complain.
- If you don’t send to the hospital, she will die.
-> Unless you send her to the hospital, she will die.
Có thể dùng các động từ must, have to, can, may, should thay cho will trong mệnh đề chính.
Ví dụ:
Is It rains heavily, you can stay here. (Nếu trời mưa bạn có thể ở lại đây.)
- If you want to see that film, you must buy a ticket. (Nếu bạn muốn xem bộ phim đó thì bạn phải mua vé.)
BÀI TẬP VẬN DUNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 1. Khoanh tròn phương án đúng để hoàn thành các câu sau.
1. If the weather is fine, we (goes/ will go) camping tomorrow.
2. My parents will give me a gift if I (will pass/ pass) the final exam.
3. If you are polite to others, they (will be/ are nice to you).
4. Unless James (studies/ will study) hard, he will fail the exam.
5. My parents won’t allow me to go out if I (don’t finish/ won’t finish) my homework. 
6. If the cable TV (doesn’t/ won’t) work, we will rent a DVD.
7. If you don’t want to stay at home, you (go/ can go) with me to the supermarket.
8. If you (will be/ are) a good listener, you will gain many friends.
9. James won’t attend the meeting if he (won’t/doesn’t) want to.
10. You can’t have this job unless you (have/will have) long working experience.
11. What (you will do/ will you do) if it snows tomorrow?
12. You (will be/ are) able to understand it you practice every day.
13. We will eat out today if there (will be/ is) nothing left in the fridge.
14. If it (will be/ is) too cold outside, we will stay home.
15. If she (isn’t/ won’t) careful, she will make many mistakes.
Bài 2. Hoàn thành các câu sau sử dụng dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. The manager (be) ________________ very angry if I am late for work.
2. You will have to work very hard if you (take)______ this course.
3. I (go) ________ to see the doctor if I don’t feel well tomorrow.
4. They can’t hear you unless you (speak) ______ louder.
5. If Peter (forget) _____________ to write his essay, the teacher (give) _____________ him a low mark.
6. If they (win) ___________ this match, they will ne the champions.
7. We (have) _________ plenty of time if we (arrive) ______ there early.
8. The zookeeper (punish) ____________ you if you (feed) ___________ the animal.
9. What ________ (Jane/ say) if Jim (tell0 _______ her the truth.
10. The boys (shiver) _____________ with cold if they (swim) ________ in this lake.
11. The door (not lock) ____________- unless you (press) ____ the green button.
12. Jim won’t be late if he (take) _______________ the bus at 6 o’clock .
13. Mary isn’t home, but if you (want) _____ to leave her a message, I (give) ________ it to her.
14. If jack (clean) ________ the floor, I (do) __________ the washing.
15. the children (be) _____ happy if you (give) _______ them some sweets.
Bài 3.Nối cột A với cột B để tạo thành câu hoàn chỉnh.
A
B
1. If people keep dumping rubbish into the lake, 
a. the groundwater will be poisoned.
2. If the farmers overuse pesticide, 
b. if our surrounding environment is polluted
3. Soil erosion won’t happen in an area, 
c. they will disappear in the future.
4. if we don’t converse the rainforests, 
d. unless we join hands to protect it.
5. Our health will be badly affected
e. the aquatic life will be afflicted.
6. Our environment will be damaged
f. floods will be more and more severe.
7. Is we don’t protect the frontier forests, 
g. if people use more public transportation.
8. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will be reduced 
h. if people practice sustainable agricultural mad use.
 1. ____ 	2. __________	3. _______	4. ____________
5. ____	6. __________	7. _______	8. ____________
Bài 4. Dựa vào từ cho sẵn, viết câu hoàn chỉnh.
1. If/people/ not/ stop/ dumping/ waste/ into/ rivers/,/pollution/ increase/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. If/ polar/ ice caps/ melt/ ,/huge landmasses/ be/ under/ water.
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. If the air/ in/ city/ be/polluted/ ,it/can/ cause/ people’s/ respiratory/ problems.
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. If/smog/ be/ frequently/ formed/ in/ city/,/it/ cause/ difficulty/ in/ breathing/ headache/ even/ lung cancer.
_____________________________________________________________________________
5. If/ carbon monoxide/ concentrate/ in/ great/ amounts/, /it/ be/ harmful/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
6. The climate/ change/ if/ more trees/ be/ cut/ down/ for/ hardwood/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
7. If/ we/ not/ control/ pollution/ soon/,/it/ be/ too/ late/.
_____________________________________________________________________________
8. If/we/ not/ protect/ frontier/,/we/ suffer/ many/ from/ natural/ disasters.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Bài 5. Viết lại câu với “” if/unless” sao cho nghĩa của câu không thay đổi.
1. I can’t finish this task you don’t give me a hand.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________ 
2. You will run out of money if you don’t stop wasting it.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________ 
3. Don’t call me unless it is an emergency.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________ 
4. James will not pass the test unless he studies harder.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________ 
5. If Jane finishes her work before 6 pm, she will dine out with her friends.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________ 
6. My brother won’t go travelling this summer if he doesn’t find a companion.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________ 
7. It is not easy to do these exercises unless you listen attentively to the teacher.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________ 
8. If Jim doesn’t submit his essay before Tuesday, he will be punished by the teacher.
-> _____________________________________________________________________________ 
III. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 2 (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES TYPE 2)
Chức năng
- Dùng để diễn tả điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai, điều kiện chỉ là một giả thiết, mọt ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng hiện tại.
- Dùng để đưa ra lời khuyên.
Cấu trúc 
If+ S+ V-ed + (bổ ngữ), S+ would + V nguyên mẫu + (bổ ngữ).
(thì quá khứ đơn)
-> Mệnh đề IF dùng thì quá khứ đơn, mệnh đề chính dùng động từ khuyết thiếu “would +V”
Ví dụ
If we were a bird, I wou;d be very happy.
(Nếu tôi là một con chim tôi sẽ rất hạnh phúc)
-> Tôi không thể là chim được.
If I had a million USD, I would buy that cả. (Nếu tôi có một triệu đo la, tôi sẽ mua chiếc xe đó.)
-> hiện tại không có.
Lưu ý
- Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, ở mệnh đề ‘IF’, với chủ ngữ “ I/he/she/it” ta có thể dùng “were ” hoặc “was” đều được.
- Ta cũng có thể dùng “could” hoặc “might” trong mệnh đề chính.
WOULD= sẽ (dạng quá khứ của WILL)
COULD = có thể (dạng quá khứ của CAN)
MIGHT = có thể (dạng quá khứ của MAY)
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN
Bài 6. Khoanh tròn vảo phương án đúng.
1. I (would buy/ bought) a new house if I had enough money.
2. If he (would try/ tried) his best, he might be successful.
3. If I (lived/ would live) in Japan, I could speak Japanese well.
4. If someone gave you a dress, which color (would you want/ you would want) it to be?
5. I would repaired the roof myself if I (would have/ had) a longer ladder.
6. You would be more comfortable now if you (didn’t/ wouldn’t) wear high heels.
7. I (wouldn’t/didn’t) buy things on the Internet if I were you.
8. If you (met/ would meet) your favorite author Mark Twain, what wouldn’t you ask him?
9. His parents would be very proud if he (wouldn’t be/ weren’t) so naughty.
10. If Jane had more money, she (would treat/ treated) herself to a decent meal.
11. If you were a billionaire, what (would you do/ did you do)/
12. If Kate owned a computer, she (would spend/ spent) most of her free time on it.
13. If I (would know/ knew) his address, I would give it to you.
14. She would look much better if her hair (didn’t look/ wouldn’t look) so unkempt.
15. If I were in your situation, I (would/ will) let the nature take its course.
Bài 7. Hoàn thành các câu sau, sử dụng dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. More tourists would come to our country if we (provide) ______________ better services.
2. If I studies abroad, _____________ (we/keep) in touch with each other?
3. If someone (give) ______________ you a camera, what would you do with it?
4. If I (win) _________________ a big prize in a lottery, I (donate) _______________ apart of it and (spend) _______________ the rest for myself.
5. What ___________ (you/do) if you found a wallet in the street?
6. I could watch foreign TV program without subtitles if I (know) _________ English.
7. He might be obese if he (not stop) __________________ taking in fat and sugar.
8. If he knew that it was dangerous, he (not do) _______________ it.
9. If you (see) ________________ someone drowning, ________________ (you/save) him?
10. She (be) __________________ happier if her parents (not get) ________________ divorced.
11. If you (sleep) _____________ under a mosquito net you (not be) _______________ bitten so often.
12. I (get) _________________ a job easily if I (have) ______________________ a degree.
13. If whe (have) _________ another hair style, she (look) ___________ younger.
14. if the weather (not be) _______________________ severe, out crops (grow) _______________ faster.
15. I (keep) _____________ a horse if I could afford it.
Bài 8. Viết câu điều kiện loại 2 cho các trường hợp sau.
0/ They don’t have enough money. They cannot buy a new car.
->If they had enough money, they could buy a new car.
1. There isn’t a library in my neighborhood. I cannot borrow books.
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. My health is not good. I don’t play extreme sports.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. We cannot go for a picnic because it is pouring with rain.
__________________________________________________________________________________
4. I don’t have much free time. I cannot come to your party.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. Jim doesn’t have any siblings. He feels lonely sometimes.
__________________________________________________________________________________
6. My father is very busy at work. He rarely has time for me.
__________________________________________________________________________________
7. This camera is expensive. I can’t buy it.
__________________________________________________________________________________
8. You don’t try your best. Your result will not be good.
__________________________________________________________________________________
BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO.
Bài 9. Hoàn thành các câu sau, cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.
1. We (be) ____________ happy if air pollution were the only problem. 
2. They would be disappointed if you (not go) _____________ to their party.
3. If we (use) _______ this kind of light bulb, we can save energy.
4. Peter should go to sleep early if he (not want) ____________ to be tired the next morning.
5. If you (take) _______________ more exercises, you would be more resistant to diseases.
6. You may have car accident unless you (drive) ________________ more carefully.
7. If I travel to London, I (visit) ____________ its museum.
8. If they offer me the job, I think I (accept) _________________ it.
9. Many people (be) ____________ out of work if the local factory closed down.
10. What (happen) _________________ if that red button was pressed?
11. I’d be absolutely astonished if Mary and James (get) _____________ married.
12. They won’t let you in unless you (show) _____________them your identity card.
13. My best friend gave me this book. She (be) ________________ very upset if I lost it.
14. Would you mind if I (turn) ________________ up the radio.
15. I’m sure she (forgive) ______________ you if you sincerely apologize to her.
Bài 10. Đánh dấu ütrước câu đúng, đánh dấu x trước câu sai và viết lại cho đúng.
______ 1. Pollution can be reduced if we joined hands to prevent it.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 2. If farmers would make use of pesticide more wisely, the soil would not be poisoned.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 3. I won’t believe it unless you showed me the evidence.
_________________________________________________________________
_____ 4. Unless you don’t tell me the truth, I won’t help you.
_________________________________________________________________
_____ 5. If James is more outgoing, he would have more friends. 
_________________________________________________________________
_____ 6. I think the show would be successful if he were one of the organizers.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 7. If you paid more attention to what I said, you didn’t make so many mistakes.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 8. If children are taught about environmental issues, they might change their attitudes towards pollution.
_________________________________________________________________
______ 9. You would be punished if you park your car here.
_________________________________________________________________
_____ 10. If you could win the competition, we will have a celebration.
_________________________________________________________________
Bài 11. Hoàn thành các câu sau, chọn và cho dạng đúng của các độn từ cho sẵn.
happen
Reduce
Save
suffer
Cause
throw
Take
Be
change
See
1. If we use less vehicles, we _________ the amount of carbon dioxide into the air.
2. If you __________ the president, what you do to prevent air pollution.
3. If there were no fresh water left, what ____?
4. If people (not) ________________ rubbish in the street, it would look better.
5. if there wasn’t so much light in the cities at night, we __________ the starts more clearly.
6. If the water is contaminated, people ________ from many diseases.
7. If chemicals from factories are dumped into rivers and lakes, they ______ water pollution.
8. If people want to protect their planet, they should ________ their habit of using plastic bag for convenience.
9. If we recycle paper, we ________ 1000 trees a day.
10. If people were more aware of the negative consequences of pollution, they might ______ actions to prevent it.
C.EXERCISES
TEST 1 UNIT 7
Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.
1.	A. paddy	B. sand	C. travel	D. tribal
2.	A. buffalo	B. photo	C. limestone	D. botanical
3.	A. jungle	B. luggage	C. sunbathe	D. sugar
4.	A. around	B. various	C. sound	D. mountains
5.	A. heritage	B. giant	C. garden	D. village
Choose the words that have the different stress from the others.
1.	A. definition	B. electricity	C. contaminate	D. radiation
2.	A. dramatic	B. overhead	C. century	D. groundwater
3.	A. thermal	B. beneath	C. rubbish	D. earplug
4.	A. affect	B. billboard	C. visual	D. substance
5.	A. aquatic	B. behavior	C. pollution	D. permanent 
Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others.
1.	A. linguistic	B. classical	C. phonetic	D. romantic
2.	A. fantastic	B. historic	C. comic	D. symbolic
3.	A. oceanic	B. specific	C. ceramic	D. aquatic
4.	A. terrific	B. Arabic	C. statistic	D. cosmetic
5.	A. arithmetic	B. geographic	C. energetic	D. economic
Choose the best answer A, B, C or D.
1.	If I 	 the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeed in life as well as you have.
	A. have	B. would have	C. had had	D. should have
2.	I 	 you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital.
	A. would have visited	B. visited	C. had visited	D. visit
3.	 more help, I would call my neighbor.
	A. Needed	B. Should I need	C. I have needed	D. I should need
4.	 then what I know yesterday, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years.
	A. Had I known	B. Did I know	C. If I know	D. If I would know
5.	Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people 	 the same language?
	A. spoke	B. speak	C. had spoken	D. will speak
6.	If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, 	 this incident again.
	A. I will never mention	B. I never mention
	C. will I never mention	D. I don’t mention
7.	If I had known you were asleep, I 	 so much noise when I came in.
	A. didn’t make	B. wouldn’t have made
	C. won’t make	D. don’t make
8.	Unless you 	 all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you.
	A. answered	B. answer	C. would answer	D. are answering
9.	Had you told me that this was going to happen, I	 it.
	A. would have never believed	B. don’t believe
	C. hadn’t believed	D. can’t believe
10. If Jake 	 to go on the trip, would you have gone?
	A. doesn’t agree	B. didn’t agree	C. hadn’t agreed	D. wouldn’t agree
11.	Jane: “John went to the hospital alone”,
	Katy: “If 	, I would have gone with him”.
	A. had he told me	B. he had told me
	C. he has told me	D. he would tell me
12.	If you 	, I would have brought my friends over to your house yesterday to watch T.V, but I didn’t want to bother you.
	A. had studied	B. studied	C. hadn’t studied	D. didn’t study
13.	Peter: “Did you need help with your Math last night?”
	Mary: “If I had needed, I 	 you".
	A. would call	B. called	C. would have called	D. will call
14.	If someone	 into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
	A. comes	B. came	C. come	D. should come
15.	“Here’s my phone number”.	
	“Thanks. I’ll give you a call if I 	 some help tomorrow”
	A. will need	B. need	C. would need	D. needed
16.	If I didn’t work for an accounting firm, I	 in a bank now.
	A. work	B. will work	C. have worked	D. would work
17.	The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions 	 improved.
	A. was	B. is	C. were	D. had been
18.	The education in Japan 	 if the basic principles of education had not been taken into consideration.
	A. would go down	B. would have gone down
	C. went down	D. had gone down
19.	If there 	, the rice fields could have been more productive.
	A. had been enough water	B. were enough water
	C. would be enough water	D. are enough water
20.	The patient will not recover unless he 	 an operation.
	A. had undergone	B. would undergo
	C. undergoes	D. was undergoing
21.	If she 	 him, she would be very happy.
	A. would meet	B. will meet	C. met	D. should meet
22.	If he 	 a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post.
	A. had had	B. had	C. has	D. has had
23. If I had enough money, I 	 abroad to improve my English.
	A. will go	B. would go	C. went	D. should have go to
24.	The bench would collapse if they 	 on it.
	A. stood	B. stand	C. standing	D. stands
25.	If it 	 convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight.
	A. be	B. is	C. was	D. were
Complete the sentences with the correct verb form in the bracket.
1.	If we meet at 9:30, we (have)	 plenty of time.
2.	If you (find) 	 a pen in the cellar, don’t mention it to anyone.
3.	The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she (feed) 	 the animals.
4.	If you pass your examination, we (have) 	 a celebration.
5.	Lisa would find the milk if she (look) 	 for it in the fridge.
6.	What (happen)	 if I press this button?
7.	The door will be unlocked if you (press) 	 the green button.
8.	I should have voted for her if I (have)	 a vote then.
9.	If you go to Paris, where you (stay)	?	
10.	If you (swim)	 in this lake, you’ll shiver from cold.
11.	Unless you (tell)	 the truth, I won’t help you.
12.	You’ll get pneumonia if you (not change)	 your wet clothes.
13.	If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus, I (not buy)	 it.
14.	If they (hang)	 that picture lower, people would be able to see it.
15.	She (be)	 able to walk faster if she didn’t have such high-heel shoes.
16.	I (bring)	 you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
17.	If you had touched that electric cable, you (be)	 electrocuted.
18.	If the story hadn’t been true, the newspaper (not print)	 it.
19.	I (not buy)	 things on the installment system if I were you.
20.	Dan (arrive)	 safe if he drove slowly.
Correct the verbs form to complete the sentences.
1.	If you (go)	 away, please write to me.
2.	If he (eat)	 another cake, he will be sick.
3.	I (not do)	 that if I (be)	 you.
4.	If he (take)	 my advice, everything can go well.
5.	He never does homework. If he (do)	 his homework, he (not worry) 	 about his exam.
6.	What you (do)	 if she refuses your invitation?
7.	If today (be)	 Sunday, we (go)	 to the beach.
8.	Unless they (pass)	 their examinations, they would join the army.
9.	You (be)	 ill if you drink that water.
10.	If Tom (go)	 to bed earlier, he would not be so tired.
11.	If it’s raining heavily, we (not go)	 for a donkey ride.
12.	If he (try)	 hard, he’ll pass the examination.
13.	I could understand the French teacher if she (speak)	 more slowly.
14.	If I (finish)	 the work in time, I (go)	 to the football game.
15.	If you (see)	 Mary today, please (ask)	 her to call me.
Complete the sentences with the correct verb form in the bracket.
1.	If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose) 	?
2.	The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get)	 thick.
3.	If the milkman (come)	, tell him to leave two pints.
4.	I (call)	 the office if I were you.
5.	Someone (sit)	 on your glasses if you leave them there.
6.	You would hear my explanation if you (not talk)	 so much.
7.	What you (do) 	 if you hear the burglar alarm?
8.	If you (read)	 the instructions carefully, you wouldn’t have answered the wrong question.
9.	If Mel (ask)	 her teacher, he’d have answered her questions.
10.	I would repair the roof myself if I (have)	 a long ladder.
11.	Unless they turn that radio off, I (go)	 mad.
12.	If you were made redundant, what you (do)	?
13.	We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run)	 out of petrol here.
14.	If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be)	 fit to drink.
15.	If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand)	 you.
16.	I’ll probably get lost unless he (come)	 with me.
17.	You (not have)	 so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
18.	If you (wear)	 a false beard, nobody would have recognized you.
19.	If she (leave)	 the fish here, the cat will eat it
20.	You (have)	 no trouble at school if you had done your homework.
Fill in each blank with the correct preposition.
1.	Land pollution is responsible for damage done 	 natural habitat of animals.
2.	Americans throw 	 twenty-eight and a half million tons of plastic in landfills every year.
3.	Scientists have come up 	 new ways of saving energy.
4.	Thousands of people were exposed 	 radiation when the nuclear plant exploded.
5.	Waste water from many factories which is dumped 	 water bodies directly causes water pollution.
Read the passage and complete the sentences. True (T) or false (F).	
	Air pollution is a serious problem in many cities. Motor vehicles, factories and other sources create so much air pollution that it may hang in the air like dirty fog. Air pollution threatens the health of the people who live in cities. City wastes cause water pollution when they are poured into the waterways. These wastes kill fish and make some areas unfit for swimming. In addition, many large cities have difficulties in disposing of their garbage. The amount of garbage grows each year, but places to put it are quickly filling up. Citizens, governments, industries, scientists, and business people must work together in different ways to gradually reduce pollution. For example, most cities have introduced recycling programmes.
¨	1. Motor vehicles and factories are among some sources of air pollution.
¨	2. Air pollution doesn’t endanger people’s health in some cities.
¨	3. Air pollution is the only problem of the environment mentioned in this passage.
¨	4. Garbage disposal is a problem in many large cities.
¨	5. Everyone must cooperate to reduce pollution.
¨	6. We can reduce pollution by recycling programmes only.
Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.
	Light pollution is not (1) 	 serious as water or air pollution. (2) 	, it is the type of pollution that (3) 	 more in cities than in rural areas. In the past, we could sit out at night and (4) 	 at glittering stars in the sky and light from objects in the outer space. Nowadays, cities are covered with lights from buildings, streets, advertising displays, many of which direct the lights up into the sky and into many unwanted places. The real problem is that it is very (5) 	 to apply light to almost everything at night. Millions of tons of oil and coal (6) 	 to produce the power to light the sky. Eye strain, (7) 	 of vision and stress are what people may get from light pollution. (8) 	 light at night can harm our eyes and also harm the hormones that help us to see things properly.
1.	A. as	B. more	C. much	D. only
2.	A. Moreover	B. However	C. Therefore	D. Nevertheless
3.	A. happen	B. occur	C. occurs	D. is occurred	
4.	A. watch	B. see	C. spend	D. gaze
5.	A. waste	B. wasteful	C. wasting	D. wastes
6.	A. used	B. using	C. is used	D. are used
7.	A. lose	B. lost	C. loss	D. losing
8.	A. Very much	B. Too much	C. Too many	D. So many	
Read the following passage and then answer the questions below it.
	Air pollution is a cause of ill-health in human beings. In a lot of countries there are laws limiting the amount of smoke which factories can produce. Although there isn’t enough information on the effects of smoke in the atmosphere, doctors have proved that air pollution causes lung diseases.
	The gases from the exhausts of cars have also increased air pollution in most cities. The lead in petrol produces a poisonous gas which often collects in busy streets surrounded by high buildings. Children who live in areas where there is a lot of lead in the atmosphere cannot think as quickly as other children and they are clumsy when they use their hands.
	There are other long-term effects of pollution. If the gases in the atmosphere continue to increase, the earth’s climate may become warmer. A lot of the ice near the Poles may melt and may cause serious floods.
1.	What can make people sick?
2.	Where does smoke come from?
3.	Can air pollution cause lung diseases?
4.	What else can cause air pollution in cities?
5.	Why does the earth’s climate become warmer?
Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
Saving the Environment: One Home at a Time
	Pollution can be seen not only throughout the world, but also in our own homes. It comes from household chemic